Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedb360问答ytenmultiplechoicequesti送饭图获始剂ons.Foreachmultiplechoicequ始车境冲体穿宗间滑丰estion,th压获煤束究附厚虽精持很erearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE
(1)WhenIwastwenty-sevenyearsold,Iwasamining-bro尼承段手木绝ker'sclerkinSanFrancisco,andanexpertinallthedetailsofstocktraffic.I感控唱巴些wasaloneintheworld,an月连鸡家dhadnothi假标岩沙肥选牛属史个ngtodependuponbutmywitsandacleanreputatio敌n;buttheseweresettingmyfeetintheroadtoeventualfortune,andIwascontentwiththeprospect.Mytimewasmyownaftertheafternoonboard,Satur将班握容视样月days,andI十农wasaccustomedtoputtingitinonalittlesail-boatonthebay.OnedayIventuredtoofar,andwascarriedouttosea.Justatnightfall,whenhopewasaboutgone,Iwaspickedupbyasm第磁处带教力allshipwhichwasboundforLondon.Itwasalongandstorm宁养什成罪包零零江社这yvoyage,andtheymademeworkmypass季鲁船朝agewithoutpay,asacommonsailor.WhenIsteppedashoreinLondonmyclotheswereraggedandshabby,andIhadonlyadollarinmypocket.Thismoneyfedandshel庆级成teredmetwenty-f包汉济候映征议ourhours.Duringthenexttwenty-fourIwen械音把甲之施吧磁村让twithoutfoodandshelter.
(2)Aboutteno'clockonthefollowingmorning,dirtyandhungry,IwasdraggingmyselfalongPortlandPlace,whenachildthatwaspassing,towedbyanurse-maid,tossedabigpear-minusonebite-intothegutter.Istopped,ofcourse,andfastenedmydesiringeyeonthatmuddytreasure.Mymouthwateredforit,mystomachcravedit,mywholebeing,beggedforit.ButeverytimeImadeamovetogetitsomepassingeyedetectedmypurpose,andofcourseIstraightenedupthen,andlookedindifferentandpretendedthatIhadn'tbeenthinkingaboutthepearatall.Thissamethingkepthappeningandhappening,andIcouldn'tgetthepear.
(3)Iwasjustgettingdesperateenoughtobravealltheshame,andtoseizeit,whenawindowbehindmewasraised,andagentlemanspokeoutofit,saying:"Stepinhere,please."
(4)Iwasadmittedbyamanservant,andshownintoasumptuousroomwhereacoupleofelderlygentlemenweresitting.Theysentawaytheservant,andmademesitdown.Theyhadjustfinishedtheirbreakfast,andthesightoftheremainsofitalmostoverpoweredme.Icouldhardlykeepmywitstogetherinthepresenceofthatfood,butasIwasnotaskedtosampleit,IhadtobearmytroubleasbestasIcould.
(5)Now,somethinghadbeenhappeningtherealittlebefore,whichIdidnotknowanythingaboutuntilagoodmanydaysafterwards,butIwilltellyouaboutitnow.Thosetwooldbrothershadbeenhavingaprettyhotargumentacoupleofdaysbefore,andhadendedbyagreeingtodecideitbyabet,whichistheEnglishwayofsettlingeverything.
(6)YouwillrememberthattheBankofEnglandonceissuedtwonotesofamillionpoundseach,tobeusedforaspecialpurposeconnectedwithsomepublictransactionwithaforeigncountry.Forsomereasonorotheronlyoneofthesehadbeenusedandcanceled;theotherstilllayinthevaultsoftheBank.Well,thebrothers,chattingalong,happenedtogettowonderingwhatmightbethefateofaperfectlyhonestandintelligentstrangerwhoshouldbeturnedadriftinLondonwithoutafriend,andwithnomoneybutthatmillion-poundbank-note,andnowaytoaccountforhisbeinginpossessionofit.BrotherAsaidhewouldstarvetodeath;BrotherBsaidhewouldn't.BrotherAsaidhecouldn'tofferitatabankoranywhereelse,becausehewouldbearrestedonthespot.SotheywentondisputingtillBrotherBsaidhewouldbettwentythousandpoundsthatthemanwouldlivethirtydays,anyway,onthatmillion,andkeepoutofjail,too.BrotherAtookhimup.BrotherBwentdowntotheBankandboughtthatnote.Thenhedictatedaletter,whichoneofhisclerkswroteoutinabeautifulroundhand,andthenthetwobrotherssatatthewindowawholedaywatchingfortherightmantogiveitto.(7)Ifinallybecamethepickofthem.
41.InPara.1,thephrase"setmyfeet"probablymeans___________.A.putmeasideB.startmyjourneyC.preparemeD.letmewalk
42.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.2that___________.
A.themanwantedtomaintaindignitythoughstarvedB.themancouldnotgetaproperchancetoeatthepearC.themandidnotreallywantthepearsinceitwasdirtyD.itwasverydifficultforthemantogetthepear
43.ComparedwithBrotherA,BrotherBwasmore___________towardstheeffectoftheone-million-poundbank-noteonatotalstranger.A.neutralB.negativeC.reservedD.positive
PASSAGETWO
(1)Theconceptofpeaceisaveryimportantoneinculturesallovertheworld.Thinkabouthowwegreetpeople.Insomelanguages,thephrasesforgreetingscontainthewordforpeace.Insomecultureswegreetpeoplebyshakinghandsorwithanothergesturetoshowthatwearenotcarryingweapons—thatwecomeinpeace.Andtherearecertainsymbolswhichpeopleinverydifferentculturesrecognizeasrepresentingpeace.Let'slookatafewofthem.
Thedove
(2)Thedovehasbeenasymbolofpeaceandinnocenceforthousandsofyearsinmanydifferentcultures.InancientGreekmythologyitwasasymbolofloveandtherenewaloflife.InancientJapanadovecarryingaswordsymbolizedtheendofwar.
(3)TherewasatraditioninEuropethatifadoveflewaroundahousewheresomeonewasdyingthentheirsoulwouldbeatpeace.Andtherearelegendswhichsaythatthedevilcanturnhimselfintoanybirdexceptforadove.InChristianart,thedovewasusedtosymbolizetheHolyGhostandwasoftenpaintedaboveChrist'shead.
(4)ButitwasPabloPicassowhomadethedoveamodernsymbolofpeacewhenheuseditonaposterfortheWorldPeaceCongressin1949.
Therainbow
(5)Therainbowisanotherancientanduniversalsymbol,oftenrepresentingtheconnectionbetweenhumanbeingsandtheirgods.InGreekmythologyitwasassociatedwithIris,thegoddesswhobroughtmessagesfromthegodsonMountOlympus.InScandinavianmythologytherainbowwasabridgebetweenthegodsandtheearth.IntheBiblearainbowshowedNoahthattheBiblicalfloodwasfinallyover,andthatGodhadforgivenhispeople.IntheChinesetradition,therainbowisacommonsymbolformarriagebecausethecoloursrepresenttheunionofyinandyang.Nowadaystherainbowisusedbymanypopularmovementsforpeaceandtheenvironment,representingthepossibilityofabetterworldinthefutureandpromisingsunshineaftertherain.
Mistletoe
(6)Thisplantwassacredinmanycultures,generallyrepresentingpeaceandlove.MostpeopleknowofthetraditionofkissingunderthemistletoeatChristmastime,whichprobablycomesfromScandinavianmythology.ThegoddessFreya'ssonwaskilledbyanarrowmadeofmistletoe,so,inhonourofhim,shedeclaredthatitwouldalwaysbeasymbolofpeace.Itwasoftenhungindoorwaysasasignoffriendship.
(7)TheancientDruidsbelievedthathangingmistletoeinyourdoorwayprotectedyoufromevilspirits.Tribeswouldstopfightingforaperiodoftimeiftheyfoundatreewithmistletoe.ButyouwillneverseemistletoeinaChristianchurch-itisbannedbecauseofitsassociationswithpaganreligionandsuperstition.
Theolivebranch
(8)Theolivetreehasalwaysbeenavaluablesourceoffoodandoil.InGreekmythology,thegoddessAthenagavetheolivetreetothepeopleofAthens,whoshowedtheirgratitudebynamingthecityafterher.Butnooneknowsforsurewhenorwhyitbegantosymbolizepeace.ThereisprobablyaconnectionwithancientGreece.WarsbetweenstatesweresuspendedduringtheOlympicGames,andthewinnersweregivencrownsofolivebranches.Thesymbolismmaycomefromthefactthattheolivetreetakesalongtimetoproducefruit,soolivescouldonlybecultivatedsuccessfullyinlongperiodsofpeace.Whateverthehistory,theolivebranchisapartofmanymodernflagssymbolizingpeaceandunity.Onewell-knownexampleistheUnitedNationssymbol.
Theankh
(9)Theankhisanancientsymbolwhichwasadoptedbythehippiemovementinthe1960storepresentpeaceandlove.ItwasfoundinmanyAsiancultures,butisgenerallyassociatedwithancientEgypt.Itrepresentedlifeandimmortality.Egyptianswereburiedwithanankh,sothattheycouldcontinuetoliveinthe"afterworld".ThesymbolwasalsofoundalongthesidesoftheNile,whichgavelifetothepeople.Theybelievedthattheankhcouldcontroltheflowoftheriverandmakesurethattherewasalwaysenoughwater.
44.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ConceptofPeace.B.OriginofPeaceSymbols.C.PopularPeaceSymbols.D.CulturalDifferenceofPeace.
45.Therainbowrepresentstheconnectionbetweenhumanbeingsandtheirgodsinallthefollowingcountries
EXCEPT___________.A.SwedenB.GreeceC.FinlandD.China
46.InNorthEuropemistletoewasoftenhungindoorwaystoindicate___________.A.friendshipB.loveC.kinshipD.honour
47.Theoriginoftheankhcandatebackto___________.A.theNileB.the"afterworld"C.thehippiemovementD.ancientEgypt
PASSAGETHREE
(1)Twosidesalmostneverchange:Thatyoucanmanipulatepeopleintoself-sufficiencyandthatyoucanpunishthemintogoodcitizenship.
(2)Thefirstmanifestsitselfinourtirelesssearchforthemagicallevelatwhichwelfaregrantsarebigenoughtomeetbasicneedsbutsmallenoughtomakelow-paidworkattractive.Thesecondhasuslookingtothecriminaljusticesystemtocurebehaviorthatisasmuchasanythingtheresultofdespair.
(7)Notonlycanweneverfindthe"perfect"punishment,oursearchforoptimumpenaltiesiscomplicatedbyourdesireforfairness:toletthepunishmentfitthecrime.Theproblemisthatalmostanypunishment-eventhedisgraceofbeingchargedwithacrime-issufficienttodeterthemiddleclass,whileformembersoftheunderclass,probationmaybetranslatedas"Ibeatit."
(8)Sohowcanyouusethesystem-welfareorcriminaljustice-toproducethebehaviorwewant?Theanswer,Isuspectis:Youcan't.
(9)Wekeeptryingtousewelfareandprisontochangepeople-tomakethemthinkandbehavethewaywedo-whenthetruthistheincentivesworkonlyforthosewhoalreadythinkthewaywedo:whoviewtoday'sactionwithaneyeonthefuture.
(10)Wewilltakelowlywork(ifthatisallthat'savailable)becausewebelievewecanmakebadjobsworkforus.Weavoidcrimenotbecausewearebetterpeoplebutbecauseweseegettingcaughtasafuture-wreckingdisaster.Weareguidedbyabeliefthatgoodthingswillhappenforusinthefutureifwetakepropercareofthepresent.Evenundertheworstofcircumstances,webelieveweareincontrolofourlives.
(11)Andwehavetroubleunderstandingthatnoteverybodybelievesaswebelieve.Thewelfarerolls,theprisonsandthemeanstreetsofourcitiesarefullofpeoplewhohavegivenupontheir
(3)Thewelfareexampleiswellknown.Wedon'twantpoorpeopletoliveinsqualorortheirchildrentobemalnourished.Butwealsodon'twanttosubsidizetheindolenceofpeoplewhoaretoolazytowork.Thefirstimpulseleadsustoprovidehousing,foodstamps,medicalcareandacashstipendforfamiliesinneed.Thesecondgetsustothinkabout"workforce".
(4)We'vebeenthinkingaboutitfortworeasons:the"nanny"problemsoftwohigh-rankinggovernmentofficials(whohiredundocumentedforeignersashouseholdhelpers,presumablybecausetheycouldn'tfindAmericanstodothework)andPresidentClinton'sproposaltoputatwo-yearlimitonwelfare.
(5)MaybesomethingusefulwillcomeofClinton'sidea,butI'mnotallthathopeful.Itlookstomelikeonemoreexampleoftryingtomanipulatepeopleintotakingcareofthemselves.
(6)Onthecriminaljusticeside,wehopetomakepunishmenttoughenoughtodiscouragecrimebutnotsotoughastoclogourprisonswithrelativelyminoroffenders.Tooshortasentence,wefear,willcreatecontemptforthelaw.Toolongasentencewilltakeupcostlyspacebetterusedfortheviolentandunremorseful.
(7)Notonlycanweneverfindthe"perfect"punishment,oursearchforoptimumpenaltiesiscomplicatedbyourdesireforfairness:toletthepunishmentfitthecrime.Theproblemisthatalmostanypunishment-eventhedisgraceofbeingchargedwithacrime-issufficienttodeterthemiddleclass,whileformembersoftheunderclass,probationmaybetranslatedas"Ibeatit."
(8)Sohowcanyouusethesystem-welfareorcriminaljustice-toproducethebehaviorwewant?Theanswer,Isuspectis:Youcan't.
(9)Wekeeptryingtousewelfareandprisontochangepeople-tomakethemthinkandbehavethewaywedo-whenthetruthistheincentivesworkonlyforthosewhoalreadythinkthewaywedo:whoviewtoday'sactionwithaneyeonthefuture.
(10)Wewilltakelowlywork(ifthatisallthat'savailable)becausewebelievewecanmakebadjobsworkforus.Weavoidcrimenotbecausewearebetterpeoplebutbecauseweseegettingcaughtasafuture-wreckingdisaster.Weareguidedbyabeliefthatgoodthingswillhappenforusinthefutureifwetakepropercareofthepresent.Evenundertheworstofcircumstances,webelieveweareincontrolofourlives.
(11)Andwehavetroubleunderstandingthatnoteverybodybelievesaswebelieve.Thewelfarerolls,theprisonsandthemeanstreetsofourcitiesarefullofpeoplewhohavegivenupontheirfuture.Withouthopeforthefuture,hardworkatalow-paidjobmakesnosense.Workinghardinschool,orpleasingaboss,oravoidingpregnancymakesnosense.Thedeadlydiseaseishopelessness.Thelawlessnessandpovertyareonlytheobvioussymptoms.
(12)I'mnotadvocatingthatwestoplookingforincentivestomovepoorpeopletowardself-sufficiencyorthatwestoppunishingpeopleforcriminalbehavior.Therewillalwaysbesomepeoplewhoneedhelpandsomewhodeservetobeinjail.
(13)AllI'msayingisthatthelong-termanswerbothtowelfareandthecrimethatplaguesourcommunitiesisnottofinetunethewelfareandcriminaljusticesystemsbuttopreventourchildrenfromgettingthediseaseofdespair.
(14)Ifweencourageouryoungpeopletobelieveinthefuture,andgivethemsolidevidenceforbelieving,we'llfindbothcrimeandpovertyshrinkingtomanageableproportions.
48.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsClinton'sproposaltowelfare?A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Suspicious.D.Sarcastic.
49.ItcanbeinferredfromPara.7thatoptimumpenaltiesare___________totheunderclass.A.uselessB.hopelessC.frighteningD.humiliating
50.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?
A.LawlessnessandPoverty.B.CriminalJusticeSystem.C.WelfareGrants.D.DiseaseofDespair.
SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
InthissectiontherearefiveshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswerthequestionswithNOmorethanTENwordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE
51.InPara.4,whatdoesthemanmeanbysaying"Ihadtobearmytrouble"?
52.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?
PASSAGETWO
53.WhydoestheUNusetheolivebranchinitssymbol?
PASSAGETHREE
54.Accordingtotheauthor,whatbalanceshouldwekeepinwelfare?
55.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Evenundertheworstofcircumstances,webelieveweareincontrolofourlives"(Para.10)?
参考答案
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
41-50:BADBDADCBD
51.Keepwitstogetherinthepresenceofthatfood.
52.Theauthorwasgiventhemillion-poundbank-note.
53.Itsymbolizespeaceandunity.
54.Meetingbasicneedsandmakinglow-paidwork.
55.Goodthingswillhappenbytakingcareofthepresent.
标签：专四,真题,答知
